Educational Policies 

This landmark legislation prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, or national origin in programs and activities receiving federal financial assistance. It laid the groundwork for subsequent DEI efforts in education.

Though controversial, NCLB aimed to close achievement gaps and promote educational equity by holding schools accountable for the academic progress of all students, including those from historically marginalized groups

This Supreme Court case declared state laws establishing separate public schools for Black and white students unconstitutional. While it primarily addressed segregation, it also set a precedent for equity and inclusion in education.

Passed in 2015, ESSA replaced NCLB and aims to provide more flexibility to states in designing accountability systems while maintaining a focus on equity and inclusion, particularly for disadvantaged students.

Enacted in 1990 and amended in 2004, IDEA ensures that all children with disabilities have access to a free and appropriate public education tailored to their needs. It promotes equity and inclusion by requiring schools to provide necessary services and accommodations.

In higher education, affirmative action policies seek to promote diversity and inclusion by considering race, ethnicity, gender, and other factors in admissions decisions.